The Prevalence Of Autism Spectrum Disorder Essay - 1786 Words

The apparent increase in the prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder in the United States has been a growing public concern. The lifelong condition can cause severe neurodevelopmental problems characterized by symptoms such as impaired communication, diminished social interaction, and unusual ritualistic behaviors (Johnson, Handen, Zimmer, Sacco, Turner, 2010). Unfortunately, doctors and researchers have not been able to agree on the direct cause for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) or ways to treat the various conditions on the Spectrum. With little definitive information, families affected by ASD seek alternative interventions. One of the more popular interventions is based off the hypothesis that â€Å"the physiology and psychology of autism might be explained by excessive opioid activity† due to gluten and casein (Millward, Ferriter, Calver, Connell-Jones, 2008). According to research, people with ASD can have excess levels of gluten and casein peptides in their urine and s pinal fluid; this is attributed to â€Å"abnormally porous intestinal membrane(s)† (Whiteley, Rodgers, Savery Shattock, 1999; Knvisberg, Reichelt, Hà ¸ien, Nà ¸dland, 2002). Because gluten and casein are not properly digested in children with ASD, the peptides can enter the circulatory and central nervous systems. From there, research suggests that the peptides bind to opioid receptors, disrupting brain chemistry, thereby impairing cognitive function. In accordance with this hypothesis, some promote aShow MoreRelatedAutism Spectrum Disorders Prevalence766 Words   |  3 PagesAutism Prevalence Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) refers to a group of developmental brain disorders that affect a child’s cognitive, behavioral, and social abilities (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). There are several forms of ASD that have different impairments and levels of severity. Recent research has been looking at the increased prevalence of ASD and possible causes of this increase. In attempts to determine reasons for the increased prevalence of ASD, Schieve et al. examinedRead MorePrevalence Of Depression And Autism Spectrum Disorder1334 Words   |  6 Pages Prevalence of Depression in Individuals with Low to High Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder Kelvin Davis PSY 1022 Monday, October 14, 2013 Wednesday 8:00 am Word Countâ€Æ' Abstract Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are quite vulnerable to anxiety and depression, especially in late adolescence and early adult life (Tantum Prestwood, 1999). In accordance with a study sampling children between 7 and 13 years of age (Vickerstaff, Heriot, Wong, Lopes Dossetor,Read MoreIn Recent Years, The Prevalence Of Autism Spectrum Disorder1357 Words   |  6 Pagesrecent years, the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has increased greatly (Nevison 2014). For example, in 2000 the Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring (ADDM) Network estimated about 1 in 150 children had ASD. Six years later in 2006, the prevalence increased to about 1 in every 110 children and then most recently in 2012 to 1 in 68 children. According to the CDC (2008) autism is the fastest-growing developmental disability. With the growing prevalence of autism, the society hasRead MoreThe Increasing Prevalence in Autism Spectrum Disorders1155 Words   |  5 Pages Autism is a mental condition that can occur in children from birth but is diagnosed in early infancy or early childhood. It is a complex neurobiological disorder that typically lasts throughout the lifetime of a person. It can be considered as a spectrum of disorders characterized by severe developmental deficiencies that can affect socialization, communication, emotional development and can cause repetitive or unusual behaviors. The ranges of the symptoms are mild to severe. There is a milder formRead MoreAutism Is A Matter Of Passionate National Debate1197 Words   |  5 Pages Introduction: †¢ In the past two decades or so, autism has changed from being a condition nobody had even heard about to widely recognized mental health condition. Due to widespread use of internet, social media and smartphones everybody knows something about autism. Just searching for autism in Google brings up more than 68 million results. Autism has become a matter of passionate national debate among different stake holders such as government, public health agencies, mental health associationsRead MoreAutism And Childhood Of Autism Essay1382 Words   |  6 Pagesexplored of all youth psychiatric disorders, Autism continues to be a captivating condition. The conception and description of the disorder has evolved significantly over time leaving some philosophies once held with principle to later verify to be unproven. Scientists and clinicians have provided the highest influences to the understanding of the illness, however, history does illustrate countless teachings and initial interpreta tions of a possible genesis of autism to be uncertain. The socio-politicalRead MoreInside Autism Spectrum Disorder Essay1715 Words   |  7 PagesAutism Spectrum Disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is characterized by a number of deficits in verbal and non-verbal communication, social interaction with others, and other behaviors. Usually diagnosed in early infancy, this disorder is the most impairing and severe of the neurodevelopmental disorders. Before the publishing and release of the Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) (American Psychiatric Association, 2013), Autism Spectrum disorder could be diagnosedRead MoreIntroduction To Autism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd )931 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction to Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Autism have been recognized as in existence since the 1940s but only in recent years it has been recognised under the standardized psychiatric diagnostic classification schemes. It is not unusual for people with ASD to be at risk of displaying challenging behaviours which could lead to offending behaviours, however, on the other hand they can also be at lower risk as they find rules helpful in surviving in the social world. This paper will look at whatRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder And Autism1492 Words   |  6 Pageslife there are several different disorders that have been well known from many years ago. There is one disorder that was diagnosed in the early 1800’s but it wasn’t until a few years ago that it gained lots of attention. What used to be known as Autism was later renamed in the DSM to Autism Spectrum Disorder meaning, a neurodevelopmental disorder rather than a pervasive developmental disorder (Gargiulo, 2015). Autism spectrum disorder is a development al disorder characterized by abnormal or impairedRead MorePrevalence Of Autism Essay949 Words   |  4 Pages The Increasing Prevalence of Autism Autism, or autism spectrum disorders (ASD), is a neurodevelopmental disability that is characterized by deficits in two behavioral areas: communication and social, and restrictive and repetitive behaviors. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported that 1 in 88 children had an ASD in 2008 (CDC 2012), and in 2010 the prevalence increased to 1 in 68 children (McCarthy). Could the increase in prevalence of ASD be attributed to environmental factors;

Lanthanides and Actinides - 2101 Words

Lanthanides and Actinides The lanthanides and the actinides make up the f block of the periodic table. The lanthanides are the elements produced as the 4f sub level is filled with electrons and the actinides are formed while filling the 5f sub level Some significant similarities and differences between lanthanides and actinides are observed. The two rows that are generally placed underneath the main periodic table are called the lanthanides series and the actinides series. These two rows are produced when electrons are being added to f orbitals. Therefore this block of elements are referred to as the f block. The lanthanides are also occasionally referred to the rare earth elements. Lanthanide and Actinide Series Back to Top†¦show more content†¦This is due to shielding of the unpaired electrons of the inner 4f-orbital by the outer 5s, 5p, and 5d orbitals. Due to the small change in size of the ions, they show great similarity in their chemical properties. The first few members are quite reactive. A few properties are given below. †¢ All lanthanides react rapidly upon exposure to air. †¢ They dissolve in hot water and react with acid with liberating hydrogen. †¢ They act as a strong reducing agent because of the strong electro positive nature †¢ They form the nitrides and hydrides after reacting with nitrogen and hydrogen respectively. †¢ They also react with non-metals like halogens, sulfur, phosphorus, carbon and silicon and form their corresponding compounds. Lanthanide Contraction Back to Top The atomic size or ionic radii of tri positive lanthanide ions show a steady and gradual decrease with the increase in atomic number from La to Lu. Although they show some irregularities but ionic radii decrease steadily from La to Lu. This gradual decreasing in the size with increasing atomic number is called lanthanide contraction. Cause of lanthanide contraction The major cause for lanthanide contraction is due to the inappropriate shielding of the 4f electrons due to the improper shape of the f-orbitals. As the atomic number increases in lanthanide series, for every proton in the nucleus the extra electronShow MoreRelatedRobert Boyle And The Noble Gases1238 Words   |  5 Pagesdiscovered by Sir William Ramsay and Lord Rayleigh. The noble gases were added to the periodic table in a group labeled 0. Eventually in 1945, Glenn Seaborg discovered and identified lanthanides and actinides. The Lanthanides were the elements with atomic numbers greater than 57 and lower than 71. The Actinides were elements greater than 92. These elements today are located underneath the periodic table (refer to figure 1). The last major change to the periodic table occurred in the 20th centuryRead MoreHistory Of The Periodic Table1129 Words   |  5 Pageselements were discovered by Glenn Seaborg. Glenn Seaborg’s completion of the actinide series all owed him to redesign the periodic table into its current, modern day form. The lanthanide and actinide series were placed underneath the rest of the periodic table. The elements should be placed between alkaline earth metals and the transition metals however because the table would become too wide the actinide and lanthanide series were placed the underneath the periodic table. Dr. Seaborg and his colleaguesRead MorePeriodic Table Research Paper : Madison1252 Words   |  6 PagesHowever, some sources say there are nine families. These families include, Alkali Metals, Alkaline Earth metals, Transition metals, Other metals, Metalloids, Non-metals, Halogens, Noble gases, and rare earth which can be grouped into either Lanthanides or Actinides. Each family has different characteristics. Elements in the non metals include, Hydrogen, Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Sulphur, and Selenium. These elements do not conduct electricity or heat very easily and they are also very brittleRe ad MoreThe Periodic Table Of Elements1123 Words   |  5 Pageselements were discovered by Glenn Seaborg. Glenn Seaborg’s completion of the actinide series allowed him to redesign the periodic table into its current, modern day form. The lanthanide and actinide series were placed underneath the rest of the periodic table. The elements should be placed between alkaline earth metals and the transition metals however because the table would become too wide the actinide and lanthanide series were placed the underneath the periodic table. Dr. Seaborg and his colleaguesRead MorePeriodic Table By Robert Boyle1720 Words   |  7 Pagesput into a group, which was labeled 0 on the periodic table. Eventually two new kinds of groups were added to the periodic table in 1894. A scientist named Glenn Seaborg figured out and discovered the groupings of actinides, having atomic numbers between 57 and 71, and lanthanides, having atomic numbers more than 92. Today, these elements can only be found in one location of the table of periodic elements, beneath the table (refer to figure 1). Mr. Seaborg did amazing work with the table of elementsRead MorePhysics Of The Periodic Table1506 Words   |  7 Pagesadding something called the actinide series. Seaborg s actinide concept of heavy element electronic structure, hypothesising that the actinides shapes a transition series which is equivalent to the rare earth series of lanthanide elements, today this series is well accepted and included in the periodic table. The actinide series is the second row of the f-block or the 5f series. In both the actinide and lanthanide series, an internal electron is being filled. The actinide series includes the elementsRead MoreThe Importance Of The Conversion Of Lower Energy Light897 Words   |  4 Pagesrare-earth metals of the lanthanides as well as yttrium, and scandium; however, some transition metals and actinides can also display this effect[2]. Lanthanide ions display special inner-shell arrangements of 4fn 5d0-1, which allow for unique energy levels and provide shielding from the outer shells[2]. Due to their various f-orbital configurations, lanthanide ions are able to display very sharp luminescence emissions via intra-4f or 4f-4d tra nsitions[2,3]. The importance of the lanthanide ions is evidentRead MoreDmitri Mendeleev Original Periodic Table Essay1039 Words   |  5 Pagesthe table may be shaded different colours to distinguish different chemical families, the table does not have a key/legend explaining them. Benfey has displayed a small amount of electron configuration, as the Transition Metals and the Lanthanides and Actinides create curves because they are in the ‘d’ and ‘f’ blocks on the modern Periodic Table. â€Æ' Modern Periodic Table Modern Periodic Table - PMI Plus Minus Interesting Facts Elements in this table are arrangedRead MoreTask 1a Periodic Table Essay1503 Words   |  7 PagesGroup 7= Halogen family Group 8= Noble gases Rare earth materials Some earth materials are radioactive. The earths that are rare are silvery white. Thirty rare earth elements are unmoved in the actinide and lanthanide series. In the lanthanide series the one element is the most of the elements in the actinide series that are called trans- uranium which then means man- made. Period Each horizontal is called a period the elements in the period are not alike. The first element in each period is extremelyRead MoreChapter One Of The Disappearing Spoon1894 Words   |  8 Pagesperiod number of an element. Page 26 of The Disappearing Spoon ties into learning goal 21, 22, and 30. This page discusses about the f block. The f block is made up of the lanthanides and actinides. Lanthanides and actinides are the two rows at the bottom of the periodic table. Lanthanides are the elements at the top while actinides are the elements at the bottom. Page 28 of The Disappearing Spoon ties into learning goals 1, 2, 18, and 29. This page discusses on the nuclear decay which is the process

Commercial Hospitality is Just an Extension of Hospitality

Question: Discuss about theCommercial Hospitality is Just an Extension of Hospitality. Answer: Introduction: Hospitality is not a very easy concept it is very difficult to define. There are various definitions suggested by different authors and they suggest that hospitality is both a commercial activity as well as a social activity. But it becomes quite important to know the dominant theme of hospitality. According Brotherton hospitality means the contemporaneous human exchange that is entered in to voluntarily and it is designed in such a way that it helps in enhancing the mutual benefits of the various parties that are concerned through the provision of food or drink and accommodation.(Brotherton 1999) On the other hand hospitality is seen as an overlap of the three domains according to Lashley that includes commercial, private and social domains. Thus it can be said that the hospitality is a broad concept in which various forms like domestic, social, private and commercial are included. The essay below highlights that though the hospitality is held by commercial hospitality but it holds common values and themes as the hospitality in the home but its not just an extension rather than its seen as its own domain. While describing the hospitality in the commercial context it can be said that hospitality is the balanced and the formal system of exchange where various institutions like the restaurants and hotels provide hospitality that are not personal. According to Wood there is a difference between the commercial hospitality and the hospitality at the home as it does not involves giving the personal drinks, food and accommodation of the host rather than it is a impersonal exchange that involves monetary exchange. According to OGorman commercial hospitality has been traced long back to 2000AD through the research of various Mesopotamia when at that time various Inns and Hotels were found and they were controlled according to the laws of that time. (Lashley 2000)Hospitality in the commercial nature of the modern time reflects the large hotels and the beverage and food outlets that were also discovered in the cities of Pompeii. (King 1995) According to the literature it has been found that durin g the 400BC the commercial hospitality was considered very important for bringing the tourists and the traders to the various cities for earning the revenue as hospitality was the main source of revenue at that time. While examining the commercial hospitality it has been found that it was quite different from the domestic hospitality. There were various beverages, accommodations and food due to which different tourists were attracted and it served the integral needs of the travelers and was considered important for the business. (Domenico 2007) Earlier the commercial hospitality was available for those who had no connection with the private hospitality of for those who were privileged inadequately for receiving the hospitality of the state. But, according to Muhlamann it was found that hospitality was compared with the various other forms of the hospitality. There was a large amount of literature that was judgmental that was found while reviewing the history and the evolution of the commercial hospitality and it was found to be very uncommon. One of the very important point to note here is that the commercial hospitality did not came out of blue and it existed for around 4,000 years and it was practiced separately and distinctly from the domestic hospitality.(Lovitt 2011) There has been a lot of change in the motives and nature of the hospitality with the passage of time that has helped in evolving different societies but still there is a need of in breadth definition of the same. (Lugosi 2008)There have been three domains that have been examined by the Lashley that includes private, social and commercial domains. Under the social hospitality domain the hospitality and the act of hospitableness takes place in the collective manner and there are various influence of different social forces on the production of accommodation, food and drinks. There is a social bond that is formed between the hosts and the guests in the social hospitality in the context of social gatherings that includes the various functions and weddings. There is a development and the satisfaction of various social needs that creates the togetherness feelings. According to Thio, being together is the most important thing no matter there is a meal or not.(Lugosi 2009) According to the explanation given by Lashley it has been found that the domestic or the private domain involves the motives of nurturing for the people that are serving the cook, creating safe environment and making beds creating accommodation etc. There is a symbolic tie that is created with the act of friendship while sharing the hospitality that further creates the moral responsibility towards the guests that is receiving the hospitality for returning the favor and is persuaded to host another occasion. (MacCannell 2000)While on the other hand in the case of domestic hospitality there is no financial repayment involved on the host. The various values were advocated by Morrison that includes social duty of care, kinship that originated from the home hospitality and is found in the commercial or social hospitality. According to Lashley it is said that there is some expectation that is shaped from the domestic hospitality for the commercial and social activities and hence there is c onnection that exists between the three domains.(Morrison 2001) According to Thio though there is a connection between the three domains of the hospitality there is still an important distinction between the commercial hospitality and the hospitality in general. The distinction lies between the host guest relationship and the money involved. (Muhlmann 2000)There is a special kind of relationship between the guest and host relationship in which the host knows by what exactly will the host be pleased and that helps in enhancing the comfort level of the guests while delivering there flawless service to the guest. There is a monetary exchange in the commercial hospitality while there is a friendship in the domestic hospitality. So, it can be said there is a different type of guest host relationship that develops in the commercial hospitality as the consumers are required to pay if they want to use the services and in return it is the obligation of the host to provide best services for meeting the expectations of the guests. Due to the involvement of money in the commercial hospitality the commercial hospitality is seen in its own domain.(OGorman 2009) The example of this could be taken of the Sebel Hotel that is located in the Surry Hills in Sydney that provides surprise and birthday cake to their guests on their special days. In this hotel the staff personally delivers the cake and sings happy birthday song for their guests. At times they are also given a champagne and complimentary room. This incorporation of the birthday cake and surprise reflects the domestic domain and helps in building the sincere and emotional engagement with the guests. It is found by the hotel that this gesture is highly appreciated by the guests and they return and spread a positive word of mouth. Moreover it can be found that the modern hospitality has also been becoming popular and it is granting an opportunity for the success.(Pandya 2012) Whereas home is a place of residence, refuge and safety that may be connected to a geographical location. The home spaces are becoming very flexible these days due to various technological innovations that is increasing the merger of leisure and work. While the commercial home is a tourism context and a leisure that includes the range of small businesses that are occupied by the owner. Under these circumstances it can be argued that the commercial homes are the extension of hospitality at the home. Thus, it can be said that the commercial homes is a merger of two of the domains of the private homes that is the private and the commercial. These days the hotels provide fewer facilities rather then that they have become functional places. And more over there are many people who are transforming their homes to the replica hotels for bringing in the aspect of fantasy in the home life.(Thio 2005) Conclusion At last it can be concluded that the hospitality activities have three parts that are private, social and commercial. All these activities are distinct individually while the values attached with these activities are same that is the duty of care, kinship and hospitableness. There have been various changes in the commercial hospitality due to which it is viewed as impersonal financial exchange. The main difference that is considered between the commercial hospitality and the home hospitality is the relationship of the guest and the host. There is a friendly relationship in the home hospitality while in the commercial hospitality there is a monetary exchange involved. Thus, it can be found that the commercial hospitality is found very distinctive from the home hospitality and is found in its own domain but not as an extension of hospitality in the home.(Wood 2000) Bibliography Brotherton, B 1999, 'Towards a definitive view of the nature of hospitality and hospitality management', International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, vol vol. 11, no. 6., pp. pp. 165 173. Domenico, MLP 2007, 'Host/Guest Encounters in the Commercial Home', Judge Business School University of Cambridge, vol 26, no. 3, pp. 321-338. King, CA 1995, 'What is Hospitality?', International Journal of Hospitality Management, vol 14, no. 3, pp. 219-234. Lashley, C 2000, 'Towards a theoretical understanding, In Search of Hospitality: ', Theoretical Perspectives and Debates, vol 22, no. 1, pp. 1-17. Lovitt, R 2011, Extended-stay hotels a home away from home. Lugosi, P 2008, 'Hospitalihospitable moments: consumer encounters and affective experiences in commercial settings', Journal of Foodservice, vol vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 139 149. Lugosi, P 2009, ' The Production of Hospitable Space: Commercial Propositions and Consumer Co-Creation in a Bar Operation', Journal of Space and Culture, vol 12, no. 4, pp. 396 411. MacCannell, D 2000, 'Tourist and the new community', Annals of Tourism Research, vol 4, no. 4, pp. 208 215. Morrison, A 2001, 'Entrepreneurs transcend time: a biographic analysis', Management Decision, vol 39, no. 9, pp. 784 790. Muhlmann, W 2000, Hospitality, Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences, Macmillan, New York. OGorman, K 2009, 'Origins of the commercial hospitality industry: from the fanciful to factual', International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, vol 21, no. 1, pp. 777 790. Pandya, Y 2012, Hospitality sector calling: A home away from home, viewed 26 August 2016, https://www.dnaindia.com/analysis/1741974/column-hospitality-sector-calling-a-home-away-from-home. Thio, S 2005, 'Understanding hospitality activities: social, private, and commercial domain', Jurnal Manajemen Perhotelan, vol 1, no. 1, pp. 1-5. Wood, R 2000, Some Theoretical perspectives on hospitality, Chichester, New York.

Slavery Essays (550 words) - Slavery In The United States, Slavery

Slavery In America Slavery in America thrived and continued to grow because there was a scarcity of labor. Cultivation of crops on plantations could be supervised while slaves used simple routines to harvest them, the low price at which slaves could be bought, and earning profits as a bonus for not having to pay hired work. But in the beginning half of the 19th century a strong push for slavery's final straw was coming. The people of the South tended to be more genteel, and seemed not quite adjusted to hard work, but more to giving orders. The idea of telling people how to do their work just seemed to fit all too well into this scenario. Slaves lived under virtually unsuitable conditions. Douglass' account of a slave's life told of the trying times on the plantation. An allowance was given to the workers. A monthly allowance consisted of mostly of pork and corn meal but also some money. Yearly slaves were given clothes, a couple shirts, and two pairs of pants-one pair of pants for winter and one pair for the other times of the year. They were not given beds to sleep on but rather a blanket for the floor. On top of lack of basic necessities slaves were forced to work around the clock. If they were not at their total output for the minute their owners they would be forced by the whip and "encouraged" to work harder, as an owner might feel. They were always subject to profanity from their masters and treated more like horses. Just like horses they were bred to be strong, in the mindset of outputSlave owners would also sexually take advantage of women slaves. Slaves turned to freedom for more than this reason though. Some were obsessed with being free and living a life where they were not told how to live-and who wouldn't be? Then there were some that were treated so cruelly, that it forced them to run just to stay alive. Since coming to America as slaves even back as far back as when the first colonies began, slaves wanted to escape. They wanted to get away from the situation they were forced into. The North was angry about the treatment of the slaves and was not happy about owners being allowed to come into their states to take the slaves back. It is amazing there were not more slave uprisings. But finally, the North decided to do something about it. They would help the slaves escape to freedom. The slaves were now angry, scared, and confused. Hearing of the Underground Railroad, they slowly began to run more and more. But in the North there was still a very strong double standard. Prejudice and discrimination ran freely against blacks, they were not given all rights of the white man or women for that matter. Professions for blacks were very limited. So leaving the plantation for the North wasn't as appealing as one might think for a slave. Plantation owners went to great lengths to keep their slaves from leaving. They had trained dogs that would attack at an instant if called upon. If slave would manage to get far enough away from the dogs, bounty hunters would be sent after them still. The North was not as bad as the South but at least the Southerners were not hypocrites. Although plantations were reaping the profits more than ever, this constant pressure was setting the stage for change and change was going to have enormous expenses.