Analysis a case study with reference to Bolman and deal four frames

Analysis a with reference to Bolman and deal four frames - Case Study Example In their work, Bolman and Deal (2003) found out an excellent approach in imparting both academic and entrepreneurial discipline in an individual professional. The balance upon attainment of these techniques results in good management qualities from an individual. The main objective of the skills acquisition is to ensure a smooth transition from clinical practice into new management roles. This study attempts to summarize the Four Frames in order to make a highlight of the distinct qualities that an individual must adopt to perform effective managerial roles. As a practicing clinician, one may feel the burden of moving into a new position of a senior manager since it requires some skills to transform from an ordinary practitioner into a more specialized role of a senior manager. To achieve this new role, Parry and Horton (1999), confirmed that holistic leadership and desired characteristics thereof involves assumption of greater importance to academics. The said leadership requires engagement ability and diverse approach to solve the difficult decision making problem. The tasks and roles that the new manager has to face require enlightenment that will best be suited by the use of Bolman and Deal recommended variety of approaches (Curran et al 2003). As a clinician, to make the relevant transformation, one must change the mindset and adopt the best leadership and management practices as outlined in Bolman and Deal (2003) study. Caution and confidence must be exercised. This is because some conflicts and relationship issues are involved as highlighted below. There are a number of conflicting issues involved as the clinician tries to adapt into the new unfamiliar managerial duties. These challenges have been classified into their respective Bolman and Deal Frames and possible solutions follow in form of qualities to adopt from Bolman and Deal (2003) study. Conservative versus change conflict: the manager

How is Text Messaging Affecting Teen Literacy Research Paper

How is Text Messaging Affecting Teen Literacy - Research Paper Example This paper illustrates that as the microprocessor was being developed, information flow between people was at a higher speed and communication flourished. The entry of the internet saw a change in the entire literacy face. People no longer read books, magazines and newspapers but they are reading online. Recent developments in internet technology have seen an emergence of different ways of communication. People no longer sit down and read lengthy novels as literacy has come to be characterised by short texts on phones and computers. A 2009 study of the University of Alabama found that â€Å"Text messaging has surely given our society a quick means through which to communicate, taking out the need for capitalisation, punctuation, the use and knowledge of sentence structure and the detail that make good statements great†. The current world has seen literacy get its definition from the technology that is used to transfer it. A text message language differs from that of an email. Formal language may still be present in the 21st century but it is probably different from the formal language of the 1950s. In the year 2011, the Oxford English Dictionary included an additional text speak lingo in its lexicon. They include LOL – laugh out loud, OMG – oh my god/gosh/goodness, FYI – for your information, BFF – best friends forever, and IMHO – in my honest/humble opinion. Furthermore, the study revealed that some of the expressions used have a history that shows different usage of the same acronyms. For instance, the st

Doubt Is The Father Of Invention

Doubt Is The Father Of Invention Galileo Galilei once said, Doubt is the father of invention. Thus we can say that, doubt is one of the factors which can influence the expansion of knowledge. For me I believe doubt sometimes tends to call on reason and somehow encourages people to hesitate before acting or belief. Thus we can say that doubt is the key to knowledge where with the feeling of doubt, people feel uncertain on something and try as possible they can in order to falsify and find the certainty.Nathan Salmon (1995) proposes that a believer has a grasp of a proposition and has attempted consciously to choose between the proposition and its negation.  [2]  From these definition we can claim that, by doubt it actually can triggers the feel of unbelief and then, from this , the knowledge of something will be invented when further investigation is conduct. I believe the words key to knowledge from the phrase is refer to ability of doubt which can triggers and progress to an understanding on something. Science subjects either Natural Science or Human Science are the possible area of knowledge which follows a pattern in the growth of knowledge with the presence of uncertainty beyond any suspicion. In Natural Science area, yes, I believe presence of doubt is the key to knowledge. For example, in atomic model theory, Bohr state that electrons in atom move in shells around the nucleus which contains protons. But since he invent it, many scientists feels doubt with the law and try to argue and invent new law by the improvement of scientific revolutionary as they feel uncertain towards Bohrs result. For example, in Quantum Physical Models of atom, many scientist try to explain the concept in better way like Erwin Schrodinger who are fascinated by this idea and approach the spectral phenomena that Bohrs failed to explain.  [3]  James Chadwick also feel something is lack towards the model .He search for unanswered questions related to it. So he found Bohrs atomic model cannot be apply as new theory that can be proven to work with the newly acquired knowledge. He proved the existence of neutrons, the neutral particles in nucleus. This shows that doubt aids us in the search for new knowledge, as the idea of absolute certainty lead to more questions revolving around it. It also happened to me. In my real life situation, as an IB student before starting on an experiment, hypothesis or expectation is made up to guess the result based on the existence knowledge that is theoretically proven by the experts. Somehow, at the beginning of the experiment, doubt may be influenced towards the hypothesis whether it does fit the result. Thus because of the doubt, experiment is conducted and it is such a progress towards a knowledge on knowing and proven something. The result that I gained in any experiments also always makes me feel doubt about its validity and certainty. Through the feeling of doubtful, further investigation is carried out. Thus, to reduced uncertainty due to limitations, the experiment is conduct in many times and this lead to new knowledge by finding the truth of outcome by verify a certain hypothesis and reduce the doubt one has about the theory. Apart from that, in Human sciences, doubt also can influence as the key to knowledge. Humans will change and Human sciences are based on humans the theories behind human sciences which will have to be changed. For example, urbanization that created by human. Urbanization is the degree of or increase in urban character or nature. It may refer to a geographical area combining urban and rural parts, or to the transformation of an individual locality from less to more urban  [4]  . For example, in real life situation, Port Harcourt, one of Nigerias major cities has been experiencing rapid urbanization since 1913 in which engulfing and transforming the way of life of the indigenous enclaves, which predate the founding of the city. Through this process, doubt plays a role as the initiator on the study of urbanization. The study from researchers, concluded that urbanization has indeed had both positive and negative impacts on the indigenous population and that there was reasonable agree ment between subjective and objective impacts of urbanization  [5]  . From this it shown that with the presence of doubt, it is such a progress of knowing something on expecting the consequences. Politics also in human science cause uncertainties. Leaders in most countries consist of the leader or founder of the politic parties. For example, in Thailand, there is a political dispute between two parties. Based on what happened, I think, the leaders of each party have their own aims, issues, propaganda and planning of the direction of the countrys flow. Therefore, that is not necessarily for the direction of the countrys system will remain the same after the political changes during election. Thus, the uncertainties in the direction of countrys administration and future planning will be available when the different leader takes over. These changes occur because of the implementation of political parties to lead the country which cause by doubt. Then, there is legislation that established to observe and control the direction of the progress of state. Doubt that created will be the key to knowledge as to reduce uncertainties. But somehow, doubt also does not always act as the key to knowledge. Knowledge also can be learnt through various processes. For example, with the presence of curiosity it also can be the key to knowledge. Curiosity is designed for progression or natural law of our being, and whoever retrogrades is acting contrary to his nature such as exploration, investigation, and learning, evident by observation in human. Strong curiosity is the main motivation of many scientists. In fact, in its development as wonder or admiration, it is generally curiosity that makes a human being want to become an expert in a field of knowledge. For example, James Newton and his law of gravitivity, he very felt curious why apple is falling down and not rising upward. Thus with the presence of curiosity of knowing something, through the process of basic scientific method, he observed and investigate, make generalization to create theory about behave of things fall downward. Then, he came out with Newtons law an d the concept of gravity. Anyhow, without thought of doubtful, true would forever elude us and play important role in our life especially to intervene something. Doubt is, however, something that we can take credit for in order to discover the true in any subjects, for example in Sciences either natural or human sciences. It is a natural human property rather than something we can learn. Genetics provide that so long as our mind is properly functional we will have these functions, although there are some other factors which act as the key to knowledge. From the argument above, we can conclude, somehow doubt is the key to knowledge to our daily life. (1203 words)

The Breakdown of Mental Health and Stability Essay -- Stress Stressing

The Breakdown of Mental Health and Stability Progress has always been an essential component in modern society. At times it is equivalent to success, learning, and overall growth. In the field of science, progress is measured by comparisons to what was known before, what is known now, and what can be known in the future. Therefore, one could say that much progress was made in the field of science in terms of understanding the functions of the human brain and some of its behavior. It seems that as each new day passes, something new is discovered about the brain, whether it be a new mental or physiological brain condition, or merely a link and clue to one of the vast number of questions the world has considering the human brain and behavior. These discoveries and answers are becoming more and more important and imperative due to the fact that the overall population seems to becoming more and more emotionally fragile and more subject to several cerebral ills such as depression, anxiety, hysteria, and clinical insanity. A good question to ask is whether or not the overall population seems to be suffering more mental and cerebral ills, or that it is merely a result of more cases being reported and more statistics calculated. But if it is true that the number of people suffering from conditions or types of behavior which hinder their ability to go on with their everyday lives, what is the cause? And when we find the cause, what is the cure? Or how will society as a whole handle it? A possible theory is to look at the correlation between the rate of growth and process in modern society and the stress level of the average individual. Another question to ask is what exactly is the role stress plays in an individ... ...raising the levels of anxiety and depression amongst the population. Perhaps evolution will take hold and those with brains and systems more well adapt to handling this relatively new level of stress will flourish, making our society stronger. Or it could have a reverse effect, making society weaker in the process. Hopefully stress and it's harmful effects will be brought to attention more by the scientific community and as a whole society will do something about it or risk suffering from the potential set backs. Sources Cited: 1)Physiological Effects of Stress http://tm.cme.edu/03.html 2)Holistic-online http://holistic-online.com/stress/stress_GAS.htm 3)http://www.brainsource.com/stress_&_health.htm 4)Neurobiology of Stress http://www.biopsychiatry.com/stress.htm 5)http://www.lifepositive.com/Mind/psychology/stress/symptoms-of-anxiety.asp The Breakdown of Mental Health and Stability Essay -- Stress Stressing The Breakdown of Mental Health and Stability Progress has always been an essential component in modern society. At times it is equivalent to success, learning, and overall growth. In the field of science, progress is measured by comparisons to what was known before, what is known now, and what can be known in the future. Therefore, one could say that much progress was made in the field of science in terms of understanding the functions of the human brain and some of its behavior. It seems that as each new day passes, something new is discovered about the brain, whether it be a new mental or physiological brain condition, or merely a link and clue to one of the vast number of questions the world has considering the human brain and behavior. These discoveries and answers are becoming more and more important and imperative due to the fact that the overall population seems to becoming more and more emotionally fragile and more subject to several cerebral ills such as depression, anxiety, hysteria, and clinical insanity. A good question to ask is whether or not the overall population seems to be suffering more mental and cerebral ills, or that it is merely a result of more cases being reported and more statistics calculated. But if it is true that the number of people suffering from conditions or types of behavior which hinder their ability to go on with their everyday lives, what is the cause? And when we find the cause, what is the cure? Or how will society as a whole handle it? A possible theory is to look at the correlation between the rate of growth and process in modern society and the stress level of the average individual. Another question to ask is what exactly is the role stress plays in an individ... ...raising the levels of anxiety and depression amongst the population. Perhaps evolution will take hold and those with brains and systems more well adapt to handling this relatively new level of stress will flourish, making our society stronger. Or it could have a reverse effect, making society weaker in the process. Hopefully stress and it's harmful effects will be brought to attention more by the scientific community and as a whole society will do something about it or risk suffering from the potential set backs. Sources Cited: 1)Physiological Effects of Stress http://tm.cme.edu/03.html 2)Holistic-online http://holistic-online.com/stress/stress_GAS.htm 3)http://www.brainsource.com/stress_&_health.htm 4)Neurobiology of Stress http://www.biopsychiatry.com/stress.htm 5)http://www.lifepositive.com/Mind/psychology/stress/symptoms-of-anxiety.asp

Psy/310 Perspectives Paper Essay

Each psychological perspective has pioneers who have done the research to not only present the perspective, but to also prove how beneficial it is. John B. Watson is one of the great pioneers who created and popularized the behavioral perspective. He had many followers who believed in what he said, including B.F. Skinner. Although Skinner was truly influenced by Watson, he had his own ideas and theories that he later proved to be extremely persuasive. With the domination of the behavioral perspective, there also came skepticism, including one skeptic by the name of Edward C. Tolman. Tolman later introduced cognitive psychology, which is still a staple in modern day psychology. John B. Watson did not have the most ideal childhood. Perhaps this is why he later went on to become the mouthpiece for the movement that came to be called behaviorism (Goodwin, 2008, p. #338). He was born in 1878, just outside of Greenville, South Carolina. His father was a farmer with severe issues, such as a lcoholism, adultery, and anger. His mother was an extremely religious woman who pushed a future in the faith onto Watson. Although Watson was a bright young man, entering Furman University at the age of 16, he was well known as a troublemaker. Watson went on to earn his master’s degree in 1900 before entering the University of Chicago. His intention was to study philosophy and psychology but later decided to focus on functionalist psychology. Watson had a profound interest in animals and found himself extremely comfortable in studying their behaviors, rather than those of human subjects. Watson’s doctoral dissertation, codirected by Henry Donaldson and James Angell, was a study of the relationship between cortical development and learning in young white rats (Goodwin, 2008, p. #338). White rats were thought to be incapable of â€Å"associative learning† because their brains contained very few myelinated axons. Watson’s studies later proved this to be wrong, in fact, proving that a white rat’s ability to form associations improved in their fourth week of life, as opposed to the first few weeks. Watson later published his results as Animal Education: An Experimental Study of the Psychical Development of the White Rat, Correlated with the Growth of Its Nervous System. This publication earned him his doctorate and the opportunity to remain at the University of Chicago as an instructor. Burrhus Frederick Skinner’s upbringing was a little different than that of John B. Watson. Skinner was born in 1904 in Susquehanna, Pennsylvania. His father was a successful lawyer and his mother was a homemaker, together they were a very image conscious married couple who often worried about what others thought. Skinner was a very intelligent individual and an independent thinker. He questioned anything that was not supported with sound evidence. His high school principle strongly recommend ed him to New York’s Hamilton College, stating that Skinner was â€Å"passionately fond of arguing with his teachers. He is quite a reader and although I do not think he actually supposes himself wiser than his teachers, I have found him [to give] that impression†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (as cited in Goodwin, 2008, p. #383). After his initial unhappiness with Hamilton’s atmosphere, Skinner realized that he had a passion for creative writing. Skinner decided to take a year off after his graduation to just write. He moved back home with his parents and later referred to this time as his â€Å"dark year†. Skinner’s parents were concerned about what people thought of their son moving back home without a job, while Skinner was concerned with the pressure of his parents expecting him to be productive in this year. In this year, Skinner read a number of articles and became intrigued with behaviorism. This intrigue motivated him to pursue graduate studies in psychology at Harvard. As Skinner moved up the ladder, from a graduate student to a university fellow, his attitude toward authority never changed. Not impressed by the work of E.G. Boring, he referred to Boring’s perception course as â€Å"simply painful† and lamented that Boring spent three entire lectures explaining a single visual illusion (Goodwin, 2008, p. #384). Skinner published his first book in 1938, The Behavior of Organisms, which summarized his years of research at Harvard. He later returned to Harvard, in 1948, and remained active until his death in 1990. Edward C. Tolman was born in 1886 in a suburb of Boston, Massachusetts. Tolman came from a very stable and healthy family. His father was a successful business executive, while his mother provided a solid moral foundation for the family. Tolman was extremely intelligent and talented, graduating from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in 1911 with a degree in electrochemistry. There were two reasons why Tolman decided to stray from a career in the field of electrochemistry. The first reason was the competition that would ensue with his brother, Richard Tolman, who later contributed to the development of the atomic bomb during World War II (Goodwin, 2008, p. #364). The second reason lies in Tolman’s discovery of William James, often referred to as the father of American psychology. Following his graduation from MIT, Tolman enrolled in two summer courses at Harvard. The first was a philosophy course and the second was an introductory course in psychology. Robert Yerkes was the professor for this psychology course. Not only the professor, but also the reason Tolman was sold on psychology and decided to enter graduate school at Harvard. Tolman went on to earn his doctorate degree in 1915 from H arvard. Watson’s publication, Behavior: An Introduction to Comparative Psychology, made Tolman see behaviorism as an attractive alternative to the traditional introspective psychology he was encountering in Hugo Munsterberg’s laboratory (Goodwin, 2008, p. #364). Edward Holt was a major influence on the Tolman’s beliefs. Holt believed that Watsonian behaviorism was too reductionistic and argued that behavior should be defined more broadly as actions that serve some purpose (Goodwin, 2008). Great deals of Holt’s beliefs were adopted by Tolman and later became the core of Tolman’s theory of learning. Later on, Tolman would be launched down the behavioristic slope after being given the opportunity to develop a new course and remembering Yerks’ course and Watson’s textbook. With such different backgrounds growing up, these three men definitely have similarities they share as well. Watson, Skinner, and Tolman each have their own connection to the behaviorist perspective in one way or another. Watson and Skinner each believe that an individual’s behavior can be conditioned in certain ways. For example, Watson was a firm believer in classical conditioning, while Skinner developed operant conditioning. After extensive research on animals, particularly rats, Watson performed an experiment on Little Albert to test his theory or classical conditioning. Aside from the ethical issues of experimenting on an infant, Watson was successful in proving his theory correct. Little Albert was classically conditioned to fear, not only the white furry rat, but anything else that resembled the rat in any way. This fear was elicited by the loud noise that was associated with the presence of the furry rat. Skinner’s beliefs differed in the sense that he believed an individual’s behavior is influenced primarily by the consequence following that particular behavior. For example, if it is a negative effect the behavior is less likely to occur again. If it is a positive consequence that follows that behavior, the chances of the behavior repeating are more likely. This is the premise of operant conditioning. Tolman’s trademark was little different because he introduced the cognitive theory to the world of psychology. Tolman too performed experiments on rats and their ability to run through complex mazes in order to gain a different type of understanding on how their brains register and use the knowledge they obtain. Repetition of the same routines everyday are overlooked. It is only when something is sought after in these routines that an individual or animal is able to recognize what they have previously learned. This is what Tolman believed to be a type of cognitive learning. Although primary behaviorism therapy is not popular today, behaviorism has been incorporated with cognitive therapy to develop cognitive behavioral therapy. Cognitive behavioral therapy is a form of treatment that focuses on examining the relationships between thoughts, feelings, and behaviors (Duckworth, MD & Freedman, MD, 2012, p. #1). This is a very popular type of therapy today, especially with treating schizophrenia, post-traumatic stress disorder, and also different types of anxiety disorders. One of the greatest benefits of cognitive behavioral therapy is the ability to allow the patient to work with the clinician in developing the most useful treatment plan. It is almost like an active intervention where the patie nt is a little more active in the planning of treatment options. This can sometimes require the patient to do different types of homework on their own. Watson, Skinner, and Tolman have definitely opened up the psychology world to so many different perspectives and theories. Although each perspective may have its different flaws or drawbacks, together they contribute what each lacks when standing alone. Without Watsons initial research, Skinner may not have been influenced to theorize such perspectives as operant conditioning. In turn, Tolman may have not had the chance to develop what we now call cognitive behavioral therapy. Each stepping stone has added a little more history to the world of psychology to make it what it is today. These are just three of the men that can be attributed for the extensive time and research responsible for this said history. References Goodwin, C. J. (2008). A history of modern psychology (3rd ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Duckworth, MD, K., & Freedman, MD, J.L. (2012, July). Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. National Alliance on Mental Illness, N/A (N/A), 1-2. Retrieved from: http://www.nami.org/Template.cfm?Section=About_Treatments_and_Supports&Template=/ContentManagement/ContentDisplay.cfm&ContentID=141590

Petrol Price Hike Effect on Business

http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=AEjXDCNww9c&feature=related Operating margins:  Ramping up diesel capacity will also require large capital expenditure. This will mean a large capital expenditure outlay, putting pressure on operating margins in the short-term. Given the tight liquidity and high interest rates in the domestic market, and a falling rupee, borrowing costs will also likely be higher whether it is in domestic or foreign currency. Unit sales:  Most Indian automakers rely heavily on petrol driven vehicles. This is particularly true of two-wheeler makers, whose entire portfolio is based on petrol engines.The new price hike could deter buyers from opting for petrol cars and two-wheelers. This will directly impact revenues and profits for automakers that have a petrol-heavy portfolio. Segment growth:  The petrol segment has already retreated by 14 per cent in fiscal 2012, while diesel car sales have grown 37 per cent. With the petrol price hike, the growth in the diesel segment is only expected to grow. Even a hike in diesel prices, which some experts are saying is likely as early as Friday, will still keep diesel cheaper than petrol.Too steep a hike in diesel will push up inflation, which the government is keen to avoid. Small car demand:  This is the only bright spot for automakers. In a situation where petrol prices are in the vicinity of Rs 80, demand for small cars will likely increase, since fuel typically accounts for about 50 per cent of running costs. Apart from space and environmental concerns, especially in urban centres, small cars are highly fuel efficient, which appeals to the highly value-   and budge-conscious Indian buyer.Small cars with diesel engines will be in even higher demand. They continue to be a worried bunch and their fears are not unfounded, for petrol getting out of reach for many people means there will be more diesel vehicles on the road in the years to come. This will have an adverse impact on the environment as diesel engine emissions are over three times more toxic than petrol. This has been collated by Centre for Science and Environment's analysis of the 2010-11 car sales data, which revealed that the demand for diesel-run SUVs has gone up.Also, 85% of petrol cars sold during the period had engine sizes smaller than 1200 cc. â€Å"We are extremely concerned about the huge petrol price hike. While fuel price reforms can help, in this case there is partial reform which is dangerous. There is already a dieselization of the car segment. â€Å"WHO and many other public health organizations have already that diesel emissions are carcinogenic. There is a really high public health risk,† said executive director, research and policy, CSE, Anumita Roychowdhury. People are buying big diesel cars, of engine size above 1500cc. They are not feeling the pinch because diesel is cheap. The subsidy on diesel is absolutely unacceptable,† she added. As of now 13 cities in the country comply w ith Bharat stage IV norms and  the rest  follow Bharat stage III norms. â€Å"The pollutants that are of major concern are particulate matter and nitrous oxide (NO2). Diesel cars are legally allowed to emit these pollutants more than petrol. In fact the legal limit NO2 for diesel cars is three times higher than for petrol cars,† explained Anumita.But the fact that diesel is more fuel efficient and gives better mileage masks the down side of increase in diesel cars. Professor L M Das of the Centre for Energy Studies, IIT Delhi says â€Å"Diesel contains more energy than petrol and the vehicle's engine combustion process is more efficient, adding up to higher fuel efficiency and lower  CO2 emissions  when using diesel. But the pollutants emitted from diesel and petrol are characteristically different. While petrol emits more carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbons, diesel emits more smoke and particulate matter that have worse health impacts. Diesel is also more fuel eff icient giving out a mileage that is nearly 50% more than petrol. Dealers also agree that the demand for diesel cars has soared. â€Å"The demand for diesel cars in every segment has gone up. While demand for diesel cars has gone up by 15%, petrol car demand has dropped by 20%. Even people who are buying cars worth Rs 50 to Rs 60 lakh are opting for diesel cars. â€Å"Todsay we got many calls enquiring about diesel cars. Only people who want to buy small cars are opting for petrol cars,† said Ravinder, owner of Motosyics in Karol Bagh.Another car dealer, Sanjeev Nath Bhel owner of Rajnath automobiles in Vasant Kunj said that he has started getting calls almost every second enquiring about models of diesel cars. â€Å"There is a huge surge in the demand for diesel cars. It's also because diesel gives better mileage. People are mostly opting for middle segment diesel cars ,† he said. The negative sentiment is echoed by auto industry officials who feel the rollback notwit hstanding the current high petrol prices will have a serious impact on the auto industry and petrol car sales. Around 75 per cent of  Maruti Suzuki  sales come from petrol cars,† said Mayank Pareek, Head-Marketing, Maruti Suzuki. â€Å"Last year, due to petrol price increase, there was a drop of 15 per cent in the sale of our petrol cars. At the same time, diesel sales for the industry are growing. While diesel capacity is being over utilised, petrol car capacity remains under utilised,† he added. While companies like  Hyundai and Tata are offering discounts and special schemes  on its petrol models to stimulate demand, Maruti plans to make up for the decline in petrol car sales by increasing its diesel volumes. Last year, we sold around 2. 43 lakh units of diesel cars. This year will sell 4 lakh diesel cars, said Pareek. However, even that plan stands in jeopardy with the Finance ministry mulling an increase in the excise duty on diesel vehicles. According to f igures compiled by the government, passenger cars and SUVs account for 15 per cent of diesel consumption – a claim that has been rejected by Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers (SIAM). The industry body says that personal cars make up for only 1 per cent of the total diesel consumption in the country while SUVs and taxis account for 5 per cent.Currently, diesel cars attract excise duty ranging from 12 per cent to 27 per cent based on their size and engine capacity. With diesel cars already commanding a higher price than petrol models (which in turn amounts to higher revenues for the state), a hike in duty will only end up reducing demand for passengers cars overall. Read more:  Duty on diesel cars may go up The negative sentiment is echoed by auto industry officials who feel the rollback notwithstanding the current high petrol prices will have a serious impact on the auto industry and petrol car sales. Around 75 per cent of  Maruti Suzuki  sales come from petrol cars,† said Mayank Pareek, Head-Marketing, Maruti Suzuki. â€Å"Last year, due to petrol price increase, there was a drop of 15 per cent in the sale of our petrol cars. At the same time, diesel sales for the industry are growing. While diesel capacity is being over utilised, petrol car capacity remains under utilised,† he added. While companies like  Hyundai and Tata are offering discounts and special schemes  on its petrol models to stimulate demand, Maruti plans to make up for the decline in petrol car sales by increasing its diesel volumes. Last year, we sold around 2. 43 lakh units of diesel cars. This year will sell 4 lakh diesel cars, said Pareek. However, even that plan stands in jeopardy with the Finance ministry mulling an increase in the excise duty on diesel vehicles. According to figures compiled by the government, passenger cars and SUVs account for 15 per cent of diesel consumption – a claim that has been rejected by Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers (SIAM). The industry body says that personal cars make up for only 1 per cent of the total diesel consumption in the country hile SUVs and taxis account for 5 per cent. Currently, diesel cars attract excise duty ranging from 12 per cent to 27 per cent based on their size and engine capacity. With diesel cars already commanding a higher price than petrol models (which in turn amounts to higher revenues for the state), a hike in duty will only end up reducing demand for passengers cars overall. Read more:  Duty on diesel cars may go up In the short-term, sales will be further impacted while in the long term a negative consumer sentiment will be created which can hurt the growth of the industry, he added.Expressing similar sentiments, General Motors India Vice President P Balendran said: â€Å"Earlier, the industry was expecting a growth of 8-10 per cent this fiscal but I will not be surprised if we are in the negative territory due to fuel price hike and high interes t rates as the market continues to be sluggish. † This will result in inventory pile up of  petrol  vehicles as more and more consumers will opt for diesel vehicles, he added.Describing the latest price hike as a â€Å"disaster†,  Maruti Suzuki  India Managing Executive Officer, Marketing and Sales Mayank Pareek said: â€Å"This will further increase the skew between petrol and diesel vehicle demand, which is already very wide. This will severely affect the sales of entry level cars, which are mainly petrol driven. † Last year, the petrol segment declined by 16. 2 per cent as the demand shifted to diesel vehicles. Now there will be more demand for diesel cars after the price hike but most of the manufacturers are running on full capacity for diesel vehicles, he added.Pareek said the overall impact of the price hike would further dent growth of the automobile industry. Hyundai Motor  India Ltd Director Marketing and Sales Arvind Saxena said: â€Å"Deman d is already under pressure on account of inflation and high interest rates. A hike of such magnitude is neither good for the customer nor for industry. † Passenger car sales in India witnessed the slowest growth during April in 10 years at 3. 4 per cent as customer sentiment remained low due to post-Budget price hikes and high interest rates, affecting the entry-level segment most.As per  SIAM  figures, domestic passenger car sales stood at 1, 68,351 units in April 2012 compared to 1,62,813 units in the same month last year. In the fiscal 2011-12, car sales in India grew by just 2. 19 per cent which was the slowest since 2008-09. â€Å"The company has already asked the R& D department to speed up the work, and if required, it may also go for a third party arrangement,† the source said. In the last one year, the price of petrol has gone up considerably fuelling the demand for diesel cars, which account for more than 60 per cent sales at present.Honda has no diesel v ariant in its stable, which is becoming a big disadvantage for the company. Honda Brio will become the first car to have the diesel engine followed by City and Jazz. â€Å"With the  huge surge in the price of petrol, there is a massive demand for the diesel model. We are already giving discount on our cars but it is not possible beyond a point,† a marketing official from Honda said. Honda is not the only company to advance launch of diesel cars . Renault has also advanced the unveiling of its diesel model. Even Volkswagen is looking for models that run on other fuels like CNG.Others are trying to sweeten the deal with various discounts and offers. Sale of diesel vehicles in the country jumped by 35 per cent last fiscal while that of petrol variants dropped by 15 per cent. The sale of petrol cars will see further decline with the latest hike of ` 7. 50 per litre. A day after the increase, Hyundai announced a â€Å"petrol price lock assurance programme† that will insul ate its customers from the new fuel price rise for the next seven months. The programme covers people who will buy petrol models of Eon, Santro, i10, i20, Accent and Verna till May 31. The hike of this magnitude is neither good for the industry nor customers,† Arvind Saxena, director, marketing and sales, Hyundai Motor India, said. Other automobile manufacturers have already started giving discounts and freebies on petrol models and could introduce more such offers following the hike of petrol . According to automobile body Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers (SIAM), there is a need for the government to reconsider its proposal for such a steep increase in the price of petrol. There is a need to seriously consider the option of a moderate increase in the price of diesel before it impacts the growth of the industry,† SIAM said. In a statement, Siam said that there is a requirement to look at the petroleum product pricing policy in a comprehensive manner and remove distortions so that downstream products market do not get disturbed. â€Å"The need of the hour is to bite the bullet by reducing the price hike on petrol and revising the price of diesel, which will bring in more revenue for the government as well as some level of parity between the two competing fuels for the industry,† SIAM said.However, manufacturers lament that they are not in a position to absorb the currency changes and mounting import bill, and have no other option but to pass on the impact to the customers. While  Toyota Kirloskar Motors  and  General Motors India  are expected to announce price hikes soon, others such as Maruti  SuzukiIndia and  Hyundai Motor  are likely to follow suit. â€Å"We have been facing cost pressures over the last few months and have decided to hike the prices. The quantum is yet to be finalised, but the hike should come into effect from June,† said Toyota Kirloskar Motors deputy MD (marketing) Sandeep Singh.General Mo tors has decided to increase prices from June 1, but is temporarily revisiting decision in the light of massive increase in petrol prices. â€Å"We are re-considering plans to increase prices from June as customers are hit by the massive increase in the prices of petrol. We do not want to create a double whammy for customers and are planning to postpone the hike till the conditions improve in the domestic market,† says General Motors vice-president (corporate affairs) P Balendran. Car companies had increased prices by up to 1. 5% to 3 in January this year, but the real impact came after 2%-5% increase in excise in the Union Budget. While most cars, including small hatchbacks, became expensive by Rs 6,000, the hike was up to Rs 5 lakh for top-end luxury segment. This resulted in overall sales falling to 168,351 units in April. Carmakers remain skeptical on market prospects with customers postponing new purchases. Country's largest carmaker, Maruti Suzuki, is too weighing its o ptions. â€Å"There are intense cost pressures with regard to import of important commodities like steel due to currency and other reasons,† said a senior Maruti executive.An analyst tracking the sector says another hike will badly hit the auto market, which is already crawling. â€Å"The market is already reeling under the price of petrol price hike, which has further dampened the sentiment after the Budget hike. Now another hike will hit the industry hard,† said a Mumbai-based analyst with a Brokerage firm. High petrol prices and weak consumer sentiment in the face of slowing economic growth dragged auto sales down in May. Car market leader Maruti Suzuki India Ltd led the decline with a 4. 3% drop in domestic sales to 89,478 units from a year earlier.Sales of Maruti’s petrol models such as WagonR, Alto and the 800, which make up a third of overall sales at the Indian subsidiary of Suzuki Motor Corp. , shrank by 29%. India’s economy grew 5. 3% in January -March, the slowest pace in nine years, data released on Thursday showed. Slowing growth has dampened consumer sentiment; high petrol prices and interest rates have deterred car buyers, who are increasingly preferring diesel models. Analysts say car sales will take a further hit in the months ahead after oil marketing companies increased the price of petrol by as much as  Rs. 7. 50 per litre on 23 May.The steep increase in fuel cost, combined with a recent increase in vehicle prices (due to rising input costs and an excise duty increase), has resulted in a 6% increase in the total cost of ownership of petrol cars over the past four-to-five months, wrote Joseph George, an analyst at IIFL Institutional Equities. â€Å"We cut our volume growth estimate for the car industry (excluding utility vehicles) from 16% to 12%. We also expect demand to further shift from petrol to diesel vehicles. † Sales at Hyundai Motor India Ltd, the second largest car maker by unit sales, rose 3% to 32,010 units in May compared with a year ago.Arvind Saxena, director of marketing and sales at Hyundai Motor India, said: â€Å"The recent hike in petrol prices has depressed market sentiment, with the macroeconomic indicators providing no cause for cheer. The demand outlook doesn’t look very bright. † Meanwhile, driven by sales of the Nano small car, passenger vehicle sales at Tata Motors Ltd rose 6% to 20,503 units compared to May 2011. The fuel efficient car billed as the world’s cheapest, contributed 41% of Tata Motors’ total sales in May. Nano sales rose 31% to 8,507 units.Utility vehicle market leader Mahindra and Mahindra Ltd kept up its strong sales momentum, posting an increase of 27% to 21,154 units in the month from a year ago. The company’s portfolio of models is predominantly diesel-fuelled, shielding it from the effect of the hike in petrol prices. Sales at General Motors India Pvt. Ltd and Ford India Pvt. Ltd dropped 27% and 14%, re spectively, to 6,079 and 6,036 units. At Toyota Kirloskar Motor Pvt. Ltd, sales doubled to 15,051 units, buoyed by the company’s Innova and Fortuner models and partly because of a relatively low base last year. To stave off the impact of the weakening rupee, Toyota has undertaken a 1% increase in the prices of Etios diesel and Innova and a 0. 5% increase in Fortuner and Etios Liva, diesel, with effect from 1 June. † said Sandeep Singh, deputy managing director-marketing. Albeit on a low base, sales at Nissan Motor India Pvt. Ltd, too, increased 98% to 3,138 units in May. Meanwhile, notwithstanding the sluggish sales in the overall two-wheeler market, Hero MotoCorp Ltd continued its strong sales trajectory, despatching 556,644 motorcycles and scooters—an expansion of 11. 3% over the corresponding month last year. TVS Motor Co. eported a decline of 4. 3% to 176,012 units while Suzuki Motorcycle India Pvt. Ltd, on a small base of 36,746 units, saw an increase of 21% compared to a year ago. Bajaj Auto Ltd will report its sales figures next week. The 10-company auto index on  BSE Ltd  has dropped 18. 46% in the last one month, compared to a 7. 82% drop in the benchmark Sensex. Car firms are looking at raising the  prices of their diesel variantsas rupee depreciation has led to a hike in imported input costs and they have to make up for the discounts being offered on their petrol variants, which are not selling due to high fuels costs.While Toyota has announced that it will  hike the prices of its diesel models  from one to two per cent from June 1, other companies are expected to follow suit. This will be the third price hike since January this year. Diesel cars to drive industry growth: Ford â€Å"There is tremendous pressure on auto companies and a price hike is certain. The one-two per cent hike will be effective from June. However, we have not decided the exact amount by which prices will be raised across models,† Sandeep Si ngh, deputy managing director (marketing), Toyota Kirloskar Motors, said. There are rising input costs and then the depreciating rupee also adds to import bills for parts being sourced from abroad. Auto firms can't absorb cost beyond a point,† Singh explained. However, Singh has hinted that the hike will be more on the diesel variants than the petrol models. Prices of petrol models which are still selling well may also be increased. Others such as General Motors, Maruti Suzuki, Hyundai Motors had also hinted at hike in car prices from June onwards.Most car companies are loading their petrol variants with freebies and offering discounts ranging from Rs 3,000-Rs 50,000 depending on the demand for the model. Earlier in January, car manufacturers increased prices to the tune of 1. 5 to three per cent. It was followed by a second hike of two to five per cent to compensate for the excise duty hike proposed in the Budget. However car dealers are worried. â€Å"Another round of price hike is not going to help the sector in any way. Petrol car sales are at an all-time low and only diesel models are bringing in revenue.Any further price hike will dent the prospect of sale of diesel vehicles as well,† a General Motors showroom owner in south Delhi said. Even experts say that a price hike will further dampen the sentiment and sales prospects of the auto companies. â€Å"The significant hike in petrol price has already dampened the sentiment and increasing prices of vehicles will hit demand,† said Yaresh Kothari, auto analyst, Angel Broking. The hike in petrol rate and the proposed increase in diesel vehicles will make it difficult for the industry to achieve their sales growth target of 10-12

Free Essays on Stop All The Clocks, Cut Off The Telephone

â€Å"Stop All the Clocks, Cut Off the Telephone † Wystan Hugh Auden is known for writing poetry that says something truthful about life. In his poem, â€Å"Stop All the Clocks, Cut Off the Telephone †, Auden writes of the importance of love in our life. The speaker in the poem has lost love in his life, and believes his life is meaningless without love. W.H. Auden uses imagery and diction to convey the idea that love should not be taken for granted, love is wonderful and without love the world is nothing. Throughout â€Å"Stop All the Clocks, Cut Off the Telephone†, Auden uses imagery to portray love to be vital to our life. The loss of his love seems to be so immense that the speaker creates a funeral for his love. The funeral is not just an ordinary funeral it is painted in the reader’s mind as a funeral fit for royalty. In this grand funeral, there are â€Å"aeroplanes circl[ing] moaning overhead† (5) and â€Å"crepe bows† (7) are put around â€Å"the white necks of the public doves† (7). Few funerals involve airplanes, â€Å"scribbling on the sky† (6) and doves wearing bows, a funeral life this would belong to someone great. The speaker is creating the idea that love is so magnificent that if it were to have a funeral, only the best would be fit. In the fourth stanza of the poem, Auden creates the image that without love everything else is worthless. The speaker believes that his love is dead so in turn everything else should die too. He p ortrays the universe to be inferior to love, â€Å"the stars are not wanted now: put out every one; Pack up the moon and dismantle the sun† (13-14), he is very nonchalant about theses massive structures. He lets the reader feel his pain; he no longer cares about the moon and the stars because his heart is empty. These are very powerful images, which show how important love is and how it feels to lose love. The diction in the first line of the poem sets the importance of love to the speaker. ... Free Essays on Stop All The Clocks, Cut Off The Telephone Free Essays on Stop All The Clocks, Cut Off The Telephone â€Å"Stop All the Clocks, Cut Off the Telephone † Wystan Hugh Auden is known for writing poetry that says something truthful about life. In his poem, â€Å"Stop All the Clocks, Cut Off the Telephone †, Auden writes of the importance of love in our life. The speaker in the poem has lost love in his life, and believes his life is meaningless without love. W.H. Auden uses imagery and diction to convey the idea that love should not be taken for granted, love is wonderful and without love the world is nothing. Throughout â€Å"Stop All the Clocks, Cut Off the Telephone†, Auden uses imagery to portray love to be vital to our life. The loss of his love seems to be so immense that the speaker creates a funeral for his love. The funeral is not just an ordinary funeral it is painted in the reader’s mind as a funeral fit for royalty. In this grand funeral, there are â€Å"aeroplanes circl[ing] moaning overhead† (5) and â€Å"crepe bows† (7) are put around â€Å"the white necks of the public doves† (7). Few funerals involve airplanes, â€Å"scribbling on the sky† (6) and doves wearing bows, a funeral life this would belong to someone great. The speaker is creating the idea that love is so magnificent that if it were to have a funeral, only the best would be fit. In the fourth stanza of the poem, Auden creates the image that without love everything else is worthless. The speaker believes that his love is dead so in turn everything else should die too. He p ortrays the universe to be inferior to love, â€Å"the stars are not wanted now: put out every one; Pack up the moon and dismantle the sun† (13-14), he is very nonchalant about theses massive structures. He lets the reader feel his pain; he no longer cares about the moon and the stars because his heart is empty. These are very powerful images, which show how important love is and how it feels to lose love. The diction in the first line of the poem sets the importance of love to the speaker. ...

Cave Paintings essays

Cave Paintings essays One of the earliest known arts is often called Cave Art. This art has been found in many different locations such as: Europe, Australia, Africa, China, as well as many other places. This kind of art usually depicted animals, but also included humans, weapons, and symbols. Many of these paintings were found very deep inside of the caves where the artists would have needed a lamp of some sort to complete their work. This led scholars to believe that the paintings, done inside the caves, may have had a social or religious purpose to these early people. In the early paintings they seemed to be in only black. As they progressed in their paintings they learned how to make many of the different types of colors. Most often they used reds, blacks, yellows, maroon, and violet. By using these colors they made the paintings seem more real, and they may have believed by making them look more realistic it would bring them better luck, health, and maybe happiness. To make the paints they typically used mineral pigments such as; ochre, manganese, oxides, or charcoal, and ground them into animal fat. They also had paint brushes. They would use coarse animal hair and tie them to a stick of some sort and paint with them. Many believe that the hunters or gatherers did a majority of the paintings in the cave. It was thought that the drawings would bring you a better chance of achieving what you were after. So the hunters would often draw things like, bison, cattle and hinds, thinking it were better luck for the hunt ahead. The painting of these animals were said to have had a ritual significance related to hunting, even though human figures were often rare. They would draw these animals quite elaborately while when they did draw humans they would often be less elaborate. They had very realistic details in all of their drawings. One of the more famous caves is Lascaux in France. The cave was discovered in September of 1940 by Fernand Win...

Okinawa Geography and 10 Fast Facts

Okinawa Geography and 10 Fast Facts Okinawa, Japan is a prefecture (similar to a state in the United States) that is made up of hundreds of islands in southern Japan. The islands comprise a total of 877 square miles (2,271 square kilometers) and has a population of over 1.3 million. Okinawa Island is the largest of these islands and its where Naha, capital of Okinawa Prefecture, is located. Okinawa made headlines around the world when a magnitude 7.0 earthquake struck the prefecture on February 26, 2010. Little damage was reported from the earthquake, but a tsunami warning was issued for the Okinawa Islands, as well as the nearby Amami Islands and the Tokara Islands. There are ten important facts to know when learning about or  traveling to Okinawa, Japan: The main set of islands making up Okinawa is called the Ryukyu Islands. The islands are then further divided into three regions called the Okinawa Islands, the Miyako Islands, and the Yaeyama Islands.Most of Okinawas islands are made up of coral rocks and limestone. Over time, the limestone has eroded in many places throughout the various islands and as a result, many caves have formed. The most famous of these caves is called Gyokusendo.Because Okinawa has abundant coral reefs, its islands also have a plethora of sea animals. Sea turtles are common in the southernmost islands, while jellyfish, sharks, sea snakes, and several types of venomous fish are widespread.Okinawas climate is considered subtropical with an average August high temperature of 87 degrees F (30.5 degrees C). Much of the year can also be rainy and humid. The average low temperature for January, Okinawas coldest month, is 56 degrees F (13 degrees C).Because of its climate, Okinawa produces sugar cane, pineapple, pap aya, and has many botanical gardens. Historically, Okinawa was a separate kingdom from Japan and was controlled by the Chinese Qing Dynasty after the area was annexed in 1868. At that time, the islands were called Ryukyu in native Japanese and Liuqiu by the Chinese. In 1872, Ryukyu was annexed by Japan and in 1879, it was renamed the Okinawa Prefecture.During World War II, there was a Battle of Okinawa in 1945, which led to Okinawa being controlled by the United States. In 1972, the United States returned control to Japan with the Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security. Despite giving the islands back to Japan, the U.S. still maintains a large military presence in Okinawa.Today, the United States currently has 14 military bases on the Okinawa Islands, most of which are on Okinawas largest main island.Because Okinawa was a separate nation from Japan for much of its history, its people speak various languages that differ from traditional Japanese.Okinawa is known for its unique architecture that developed as a result o f frequent tropical storms and typhoons in the region. Most of Okinawas buildings are made of concrete, cement roof tiles and covered windows. Sources Mishima, Shizuko. The Okinawa Islands, Mapped Out. Trip Savvy, March 26, 2019.

Emotional responds Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Emotional responds - Assignment Example It will make the customer inquisitive to understand the product on offer and if what the customer needed, is on offer. The website displays bags with names on them to allow the users learn the names of their favourite products. Since shopping online requires trust, EBags website like many sites has included its compliance to website securities. Unlike many websites, EBags has included the number of customer reviews in its archives, number of shoppers online, and the total of bags shipped to date to raise the confidence of shoppers. The plot in EBags website is designed in a way that the audience feels emotionally attached on opening the website. The user identifies with the savings, advanced travel design bags, the season’s best picks in the web. In disbelief, the user will browse through immediately to confirm the prices, the offers, and the products. From the number of good reviews from customers, the user will identify with the customers and make a sale. Additionally, the website has relevant information to a sale and the users have the right to manoeuvre the website with their own pace. This is an internet-based travel website based in the US, which books airline tickets, hotel reservations, car rentals, cruises, and vacation packages to various attraction sites. The main challenge that Expedia poses to its users is in finding a reward for their search. The customer has an option to earn double nectar points after selecting one of the hundreds deals for fall getaway. Additionally, a user has several options to select from the website, which can make him come back to evaluate the savings he would make. For instance, there is an option for a user to either book a flight, hotel, or cars separately, or book a combination of a hotel and a flight. A user who had previously booked flight and hotel separately would come back and try to make some savings on booking the two together. Like many other sites,

Financial Instruments disclosure Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 12000 words

Financial Instruments disclosure - Dissertation Example Transparency allows the users to view the implication and results of judgments, estimates and decisions undertaken by the management of an organization. Full disclosure of financial instruments refers to the exposure of all the necessary information followed while taking decisions, which would provide the investors with reasonable assurance and belief on the activities performed by the organization. Financial Statements and instruments published and issued by an organization must be comparable both with the industry standards and cross-sectional among firms over a given period of time (Pownall and Schipper, 1999, pp. 259-280). Eccher and Healy (2000), Gelb and Zarowin (2002) and Lang, Ready and Yetman (2003) investigated the relationship between accounting quality and share prices. Lang, Ready and Yetman (2003) stated from the research evidence that cross-listed firms as compared to non-cross-listed firms have higher accounting quality as the accounting data of cross-listed firms are more highly associated with price (Lang, Ready and Yetman, 2003, p.375). The relationship between share price and accounting quality is also found in different market segments around different culture, since share prices are affected by the financial disclosure of an organization. Gelb and Zarowin (2002) examined the relationship between the level of corporate disclosure of financial instruments and stock prices. This study found that organizations with more financial instruments disclosure attain higher Earnings Response Coefficient [ERC’s] (i.e. greater price information) in future as compared to organizations with less disclosure (Gelb and Zarowin, 2002, p.33). A controversial issue related to financial instruments is its valuation at fair value. Although fair value accounting is considered to be the most relevant information for predicting future cash flows, yet the reliability of the fair value measures has been questioned (Hitz, 2007, pp.323-362). Barth (1994) investig ated and found how disclosed fair value estimates of investment securities of bank, and gains and losses of securities are reflected in share price on being compared with their historical cost (Hassan and Mohd-Saleh, 2010, pp. 246-247). 1.1 Disclosure of Non-Proprietary Information Proprietary information is a type of information whose disclosure affects a company’s future earnings potentially and is beneficial to the shareholders occasionally (Dye, 1985, p.123). Managers are generally reluctant to disclose non-proprietary information about financial instruments since they feel that such disclosure may affect the annual earning and the share prices of the company (Dye, 1985, p.124). As market value of a company’s shares is affected with disclosure, so the shareholders may try to implement incentive contracts which encourage managers to suppress unfavourable information and release that information which could lead to rise in the market value of the shares. In this cont ract, when the investors are

A short review of Nancy Folbre, Valuing Domestic Product New York Term Paper

A short review of Nancy Folbre, Valuing Domestic Product New York Times, May 28, 2012 - Term Paper Example One of its major points is the significant economic effects of domestic work to the economy. This is because the unpaid domestic workers offers a supplementary role to the employed member of households, roles that would have been paid for if they were for example taken over by a house help. The article illustrates this with the example of marrying a paid worker thereby ceasing to pay. This will reduce the gross domestic product while a divorce in the arrangement to effect payments for the services would increase the gross domestic product. This identifies the significance of unpaid domestic work to the gross domestic product (Folbre, 2012). Another identified issue in the article is the undervaluation of the value of unpaid domestic works. One of the reasons for the underestimation of the unpaid domestic work is its equivalent rating with average rate for commercial household workers. The difference in family based skills, and probably self-interest in the unpaid domestic work, howev er illustrates a higher value for the unpaid work. As a result, published estimates are less than the actual value of unpaid domestic work. ... Similarly, those who still dedicate to it have a reduced invested time in the work. The reason for such reduced time is the technological developments that provide time efficiencies and cheaper substitutes. These have also led to loss of significance of unpaid domestic work (Folbre, 2012). The article also explains the role of homemakers, as unpaid domestic workers, as social and economic equalizers. This is because their shift from the domestic chores into paid works leads to a significant difference across households a factor because of the less volatility in the value of domestic chores as compared to employment opportunities (Folbre, 2012). Why full time homemakers are income equalizers Full time homemakers are income equalizers because the value of domestic roles and domestically generated products are less volatile that the value in employment opportunities and market products. This means that the homemakers generate almost equal utility levels to harmonize the differences from the breadwinners’ market income. The transition from full time homemakers to the employment market however increases wage rate inequality. Similarly, the shift from a full time homemaker into an employee means that market products whose values are highly volatile substitute the almost uniformly valued domestically produced products. The volatility factor that is less significant in domestic roles than in the market therefore explains the role of full time homemakers as income equalizers (Folbre, 2012). Unpaid household work in Canada The value of unpaid household work in Canada is estimated to fall within the range of between 35 percent and 55 percent of the country’s gross domestic product (Perelman, 2011).

Is art In The 21st Century still influenced by modernism Essay

Is art In The 21st Century still influenced by modernism - Essay Example Post minimalism on the other hand, is a term that is used to mean a range of styles that are related, yet which often have very, even opposing interests. Arising almost immediately after minimalism, it also refers to tendencies such as Body art, Process art, Performance, Site-Specific art, and aspects of Conceptual art. New developments in art and design came fast in the 1960s no sooner had minimalism started evolving. Unlike minimalism, the art often combines unusual, soft and often is used in more exploited and open structures. The first picture represents a sculpture that was modeled during the modern times while the second is that of the ancient contemporary art. While the ancient sculpture is characterized by simplicity and less expression, that of modern art has a range of styles ranging from a blend of colors to complexity in structure, symbolism and full of expression. It portrays a bolder meaning of sentiment and still maintains its traditional form. The intent behind the modern sculpture is obviously to make a more objective, expressive, and non-referential work of art. The background of the two sculptures bring out a more distinct look as the in the modern one the artist has invested a lot into his art. Characterized by structural tendencies of the body and process art, the artist makes an even smoother and shinier finish in the modern sculpture as compared to that of the ancient sculpture where only the visual content is appealing. Unlike the ancient sculpture that is characterized by simplicity, the modern sculpture is more definitive, descriptive and even more appealing. Johannesson, Kerstin, and Carl Andre. "INVITED REVIEW: Life on the margin: genetic isolation and diversity loss in a peripheral marine ecosystem, the Baltic Sea." Molecular Ecology 15, no. 8 (2006): 2013-2029 Knutsen, H., P. E. Jorde, Carl Andrà ©, and N. C. H. R. Stenseth. "Fine†scaled geographical

The Case Against Pirating Movies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Case Against Pirating Movies - Essay Example Corporations like Amazon, Vudu, Hudu, and Netflix are four such companies that provide subscription services to movies and television shows. Movie piracy is unethical because retail companies lose revenue from potential rentals and sales; those connected with making the film lose royalty revenue; it is against the law, even though the general population continues to pay ever higher prices to attend movie theaters. In 2009, it was reported (DGA web) that from BitTorrent in 2009, there were 11 million downloads of Star Trek (version 2009), 9.4 million downloads of The Hangover, 7.2 million downloads of X-Men Origins: Wolverine and 6.9 million downloads of Knowing (DGA web). If one were to put a price of a DVD for each of these, say at $15.00, the financial loss would run about $5 billion dollars or more in lost revenue in a DVD sales format. What would not be mentioned here is the revenue generated by sales of DVDs which provide royalties to performers and producers (including all those who worked on the film overall), and those retail companies who provide rental and online purchases of those movies to the general public. The Pirate Bay is an online worldwide file-sharing website for which there were 25 million users in 2009 and where pirated films could be shared online. The television series Heroes was also considered one of the most pirated series in 2009, downloaded from BitTorrent (DGA web ). The result is that, for those who are technologically adept at hacking and sharing information, the piracy of movie and television shows is a big business. It is also interesting to note that one of the attributes to encouraging piracy, particularly of large-file movies, is the increase and development of larger broadband widths in Internet delivery. The years 2004 to 2008 showed about a 27% drop in DVD and VHS sales (Danaher, Smith, and Telang 14).

International Trade Speech Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

International Trade Speech - Essay Example It also threatens to affect business activities as it benefits consumers at the expense of traders. As the legislature, we have to be worried that the country’s current importation rate surpasses export capacity, meaning the nation’s inflows of foreign currency are higher than the outflows. For instance, in the year 2012 the nation imported more cars compared to the exported figure. The importation value surpassed the exportation value by over $152 billion (Mankiw, 2014). The huge differences between the import and export values have created a balance of trade deficit in the nation. The balance of trade deficit has in turn presented severe consequences to the economy, and drastic measures must be taken to mitigate the situation. Among the challenges, the condition has created include weakening of the domestic market, reduction of the GDP of the nation, reduced value of the US currency, and investments. It has also led to the increased interest rates levied by the financial institutions on loans and selling of bonds (Mankiw, 2014). The imbalance is benefiting consumers who presently can access goods cheaply while businesses are hurting due to unfair competition. From the speaker’s position, it is apparent that this kind of imbalance is not healthy for sustaining the economy of a great nation such as US. Therefore, it is time the trade imbalance is corrected through the development of effective international trade policy guidelines. The idea is to improve fairness and equity in business activities through creation of a favorable environment where business owners’ record fair returns and customers get value for their money. To correct this, the house seeks to make an amendment in the international trade Act to regulate importation and exportation activities in a bid to cushioning the nation from experiencing economic difficulties generated by an imbalance of

The Case Against Pirating Movies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Case Against Pirating Movies - Essay Example Corporations like Amazon, Vudu, Hudu, and Netflix are four such companies that provide subscription services to movies and television shows. Movie piracy is unethical because retail companies lose revenue from potential rentals and sales; those connected with making the film lose royalty revenue; it is against the law, even though the general population continues to pay ever higher prices to attend movie theaters. In 2009, it was reported (DGA web) that from BitTorrent in 2009, there were 11 million downloads of Star Trek (version 2009), 9.4 million downloads of The Hangover, 7.2 million downloads of X-Men Origins: Wolverine and 6.9 million downloads of Knowing (DGA web). If one were to put a price of a DVD for each of these, say at $15.00, the financial loss would run about $5 billion dollars or more in lost revenue in a DVD sales format. What would not be mentioned here is the revenue generated by sales of DVDs which provide royalties to performers and producers (including all those who worked on the film overall), and those retail companies who provide rental and online purchases of those movies to the general public. The Pirate Bay is an online worldwide file-sharing website for which there were 25 million users in 2009 and where pirated films could be shared online. The television series Heroes was also considered one of the most pirated series in 2009, downloaded from BitTorrent (DGA web ). The result is that, for those who are technologically adept at hacking and sharing information, the piracy of movie and television shows is a big business. It is also interesting to note that one of the attributes to encouraging piracy, particularly of large-file movies, is the increase and development of larger broadband widths in Internet delivery. The years 2004 to 2008 showed about a 27% drop in DVD and VHS sales (Danaher, Smith, and Telang 14).

School and Students Essay Example for Free

School and Students Essay Done By: Fariha Khan Yr: 8Australian International School should adopt the year round schooling process for the benefit of students. During long summer breaks, students forget what they have learned. Not everyone likes traveling during the same time every year. Short breaks help receive education and allow students take rests in the perfect time without over pressurizing students. So, adopting year round schooling in AusIS would help students and give better grades to them. In long summer breaks, students mostly forget what they learned the past year. Kid’s memories are not that good and for two-three months breaks, students do not want to review what they learned and usually stay busy traveling, having fun, playing or getting bored at home. If the long summer breaks were made short and spread throughout the whole year, it would help students remember what they learned. â€Å"It is assumed that shorter breaks help students retain information- therefore less time needs to be spent on review,† Kathryn L. Brandy, teacher in the year round school, Jacksonville Florida Times Union. If teachers would review bits of information to students, then they would remember the rest of the information. Long summer breaks would affect all the hard work of students throughout the whole year. So, it would be really helpful to students if the long summer breaks were made shorter and spread through the whole year, by this students will be able to catch up to all the work and help them remember what they learned. Traveling at the same time every year is not something everyone like. Some people like to travel during the winter, because it is cold and you do not get tired from long journeys. Whereas for summer holidays you get tired really fast, and the weather bothers a lot. It is very hot at the time and from the hotness some students catch cold. Many problems occur from the summer vacations which affect the student’s life in all the ways (education, health, and etc. ). So, traveling in the summer holidays wouldn’t be the opinion for everybody. If the year round schooling process would start in AusIS, the pressure of students would reduce and perfect amount of education would be enriched by the students. The long summer holidays are not always fun. It gets boring and even annoying for some people. After a big summer vacation, study starts to push in, and for a long time you are in a very big pressure, until another holiday knocks up. If the break was spread around the whole year, students would get perfect amount of education and a good holiday in the time needed. This would also give the opportunity to the students who do not like to travel during the summer to travel in some other time during the year. So, if the summer vacation would be spread through the year, it would help students get less pressurized and study. Finally, I feel that year round schooling would help students throughout the year. It would be better and come as benefit to students. Many problems are faced by most of the students. Some of the most important counted facts would come to be as students forget what they learned the past year. Traveling during summer isn’t what everybody would suggest or follow. Short breaks lessen the pressure of students and help students to enrich perfect amount of education. As, coming to my point I suggest that AusIS should adopt the year round schooling process which would come as benefit to students in health, education and traveling way.

Pathology of Rheumatoid Arthritis

Pathology of Rheumatoid Arthritis Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by painful inflammatory autoimmune disorder by di-arthrodial joints, the wide of production of cytokines, and destruction of joints (see the fig.1). Thickness of cells up to 5 to 8 multiples of synovium and as well as the turnout of subintima to be loose tissue of granulomatous inflammation. Pannus which tissue recognized, then destroyed by invading the bone and cartilage. Pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory imbalance are expressed on induction RA a synovitis (Feldmann, 2002). Fig1. Show a healthy and Rheumatoid Arthritis bones joint. The pathology of RA by promoting the maintain the inflammatory (erosive) synovitis, and joint tissue of adjacent are destruction, William McCann, 2008, contribution towards the blood bone cells are (Feldmann,2002) rheumatoid arthritics synovial fibroblasts, dendritic cells, macrophages, plasma cells, T cells, B cells and fibroblast-like synoviocytes. RA play an essential role of resident cells which gradually (Feldmann,2002) that contributed the bones degradation, cartilage and soft tissues while they secretion of matrix metalllo- proteases are developed and molecules are adhesion, then towards contributed in loss of range of joint motion and malformation, also premature mortality are contributed in many other similar cases. cytokines have been implicated in each phase of the pathogens disease are involved by cytokinesis. Often target as a TNFÃŽÂ ± is a standard treatment for RA. Role of rheumatoid arthritics Cytokines TH1 is linked with early studies of RA. Essential arbitrator are consider as a cytokine which they produced lower quantities of inflammatory response, even though they are the biological impact while they producing the less quantities, event of initiating downstream successive, drug discovery which target to identification of fundamental role of cytokines on RA are disorder driven by T cells populations that manufacture the cytokines inflammatory. Several techniques are carry out by many research group were observed the primary analysis of cytokines, which detect TNFa (Tumor necrosis factor alpha) on RA and TNFb in nit. After finding TNF and cytokines IL-1 are came up with many questions, was not detected without any satisfaction answer, local synovial joints are produced by arbitrators, in that case which cell are responsible to RA? consequently, all used alienate rheumatoid arthritis synovial membrane Brennan et, mono-nuclear cells to distinguish between the presence on o ne of a kind cytokines in the RA of pathology Table 1. Shows the presence of cytokines in RA synovial cells are listed below. Spontaneously produced cytokines by RA Profile of Arthritis Cytokine IL-1ÃŽÂ ² IL-1RA LT IL-2 IL-3 IL-12 MIP-3ÃŽÂ ± IL-17 IL-23 TNFÃŽÂ ± TGFÃŽÂ ² IFNT PDGF-A PDGF-B RANTES G-CSF GM-CSF TGFB Abbreviations of protein has been proved: TNF, Tumor necrosis factor; IL-1ÃŽÂ ², Interleukin-1 beta; IL-1RA, IL-1 Receptor Antagonist; LT, lymphotoxin; MIP-3ÃŽÂ ±, Macrophage Inflammatory Protein 3 alpha; TGFÃŽÂ ², Transforming Growth Factor beta-1; TNFÃŽÂ ±, Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha; IFNT, interferon gamma; PDGF-A, platelet derived growth factor alpha, PDGF-B; RANTES, regulated on activation normal T expressed and secretion; G-CSF, granulocytes colony stimulating factor; GM-CSF, granulocytes macrophages colony stimulating factor; TGFB, transforming factor beta. TNF alpha and IL-1 are vital in mediating irritation in RA. Randomized section II and III clinical trials of anti-TNF reagents (infliximab and etanercept) have validated a suitable safety profile and marked medical efficacy in instances of RA that have no longer replied thoroughly to conventional therapy. One anti-TNF reagent has already been approved within the U.S. for the remedy of RA, and other cytokine antagonists or agonists are under improvement. Experimental findings in TNF-deficient mouse fashions advocate that TNF inhibitors may also trade the sickness process of RA and bring about the ability of immunological remission, elevating the possibility of a treatment excursion of TNF inhibitors after in depth treatment. References    Feldmann M, Brennan FM, Maini RN. 2002. Role of cytokines in rheumatoid arthritis. [ONLINE] Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8717520. [Accessed 8 December 2016]. McCann, William. 2008. The role of physical activity in rheumatoid arthritis. [ONLINE] Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18234247. [Accessed 15 December 2016]. Genetics Home Reference. 2017. rheumatoid arthritis Genetics Home Reference. [ONLINE] Available at: https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/rheumatoid-arthritis. [Accessed 22 January 2017]. Next stage of RA treatment: is TNF inhibitor-free remission a possible treatment goal? Tanaka Annals of the Rheumatic Disease. 2017. Next stage of RA treatment: is TNF inhibitor-free remission a possible treatment goal? Tanaka Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. [ONLINE] Available at: http://ard.bmj.com/content/early/2012/12/18/annrheumdis-2012-202350.abstract. [Accessed 22 January 2017]. Cytokines Rheumatoid Arthritis. 2017. Cytokines Rheumatoid Arthritis. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.ebioscience.com/knowledge-center/antigen/cytokines/rheumatoid-arthritis.htm. [Accessed 22 January 2017].

Theodore Geisels Emergence as Dr. Seuss Essay example -- Literature C

Theodore Geisel's Emergence as Dr. Seuss The appellation , "Dr. Seuss," has become a name that often evokes fond memories of a cherished childhood. Entrenched in monotony of gray day when, "The sun did not shine./ It was too wet to play," we only had to look at the grinning face of Dr. Seuss's famous cat to remind us that there was more to do than wait as time slipped away. There was something appealing in the simple anapestic tetrameter rhythm, coupled with nonsensical words and illustrations of outlandish creatures that seemed to call out to the vibrant, dynamic imagination of a child. Through over forty-two books Dr. Seuss has been able to encourage children to seek delight in reading and has opened the minds of successive generations. He designed books that inspire children to learn through entertainment, by providing according to Steven Brezzo, Director of the San Diego Museum of Art, "a fantastic refuge of wacky characters, convoluted logic, and silly vocabulary." The accomplishments of Dr. Seuss are far-ranging: not only did he resurrect the pleasure of reading for children, and inspire them to think creatively, but he taught many a moral lesson to us during what researchers have discovered are our most formative years. We have learned tolerance and consideration, individuality and compromise, and even morality concerning the ideology of nuclear armament(The Butter Battle Book, 1984) and materialistic society's effect upon the natural world(The Lorax, 1971). These lessons were often taught subtly, subconsciously embracing our young psyche, for as children Dr. Seuss was primarily a wonderful synonym for fanciful adventures that showed us a life we could create beyond reality, where having fun was paramount. For many ... ...in his wife. All the children of the world were his, for he was a child and in that a friend. I would argue that with his death in 1991, rather than being gone forever, Dr. Seuss is here forever...in the minds and hearts of those who already love him and those who are picking him up for the first time, in over twenty languages and in homes throughout the world. Theodore Geisel is truly is a creative genius who will continue to guide the minds of those who have opened up to him and in this way Dr. Seuss will live on. Bibliography Kanfer, Stefan. "The Doctor Beloved by All, Theodore Seuss Geisel: 1904-1991". Time Magazine, October 7, 1991. MacDonald, Ruth K. Dr. Seuss. Boston: Twayne Publishers., 1988. Morgan, Judith and Neil. Dr. Seuss and Mr. Geisel. New York: Random House, 1995. Stofflet, Mary. Dr Seuss from Then to Now. New York: Random House, 1986

Pauls Ministry in Corinth Essay -- Paul Ministry Religion Essays

Paul's Ministry in Corinth Apostle Paul of Tarsus has been described as a one who "gave his heart and strength as he ministered to each flock" (Moore 115). This description is definitely applicable to Paul?s ministry in Corinth.? Though Paul?s ministry began with a visit to Corinth that is chronicled in Acts 18:1-18, the majority of knowledge about the nature of his relationship with the Corinthians comes from the letters that he wrote to them after his departure.? By examining the account of his initial visit and the letters, it is possible to determine a few of Paul?s main themes.? These include the proclamation of Jesus as Christ, clarification of theological disputes in I Corinthians, and Paul?s own authenticity as an apostle in II Corinthians. ?Ancient Corinth ?was an exciting place?genuinely pluralistic with a penchant for syncretism; fortunes and fame were made and lost in Corinth? (Soards 1163).? This is understandable when looking at the geographical location of the city.? Corinth is located on the isthmus that bridged mainland Greece and the peninsula of Peloponnesus and was set up by Roman authorities for economic and military purposes.? This prime location put Corinth ?at the crossroads of trade and travel? (Gloer 1191).? As traders and merchants relocated to Corinth seeking new opportunities, the city developed into a socially diverse cosmopolitan center (1163).? As Paul brought his message of salvation through Christ, he likely ministered to a broad spectrum of people, representative of the culture in Corinth.? The majority of his Corinthian congregation were likely Gentiles, though a few must have been Jewish (Furnish 232-3).? As W. Hulitt Gloer points out, ?the membership seems to have been reflective of a ... ...oing so, he encouraged the believers to begin to explore their own ability to discern truth.? While remaining supportive and present, he does not want the Corinthian church to be dependent upon him.? Throughout his ministry, Paul puts the emphasis not on himself but on Christ. Works Cited Furnish, Paul Victor. ?Paul and the Corinthians:? The Letters, the Challenges of Ministry, the Gospel.? Interpretation 52 (July 1998): 229‑245. Gloer, W. Hulitt. "Second Corinthians." Mercer Commentary on the Bible. Ed. Watson E. Mills and Richard F. Wilson. Macon: Mercer University Press, 1995. 1191-1206. Moore, Beth. To Live Is Christ:? The Life and Ministry of Paul. Nashville: LifeWay Press, 1997. Soards, Marion L. "First Corinthians." Mercer Commentary on the Bible. Ed. Watson E. Mills and Richard F. Wilson. Macon: Mercer University Press, 1995. 1163-1189.

Identities and Cultures Essay

Everybody in the world is a unique person within themselves. We are all our own person and express the person we are through different forms. We also show who we are through identities and also through our culture that we are in. The identity we choose to have is up to us, so is the way that we express our identity. This was shown in our class through many different activities such as our YouTube list, reading, graffiti, movies, etc. As I stated earlier people convey their identities in many different ways, which makes conveying your identity so much more interesting, due to the fact you choose how to show the person you are however you want. We can also express our identity through different genres. Different genres call for different genre conventions, and the way we show our identity. I believe that all genres allow us to show the person that we are, but all of the different genres show who we are in different ways. Twitter allows us to display our opinions for others to see, Graffiti allows us to show the type of person we are through pictures, while YouTube allows us to show people who we are through sound. All of these genres depend on the culture or identity of the person presenting them. We saw a movie (Bend It Like Beckham) that displayed the Indian, and English cultures. We also saw graffiti in our reading that can show many different identities, and cultures. The cultures represented in genre convention all depend on the person who is presenting their work, or genre, to you. I presented my identity in many different ways to the class. I displayed my identity to the class through YouTube, and a Comic Strip, and communication with my peers also showed my identity. Outside of class I display my identity through social media networks such as Twitter. Through the process of making my presentations I did come through some small minor problems. When it came it to producing my comic strip  and YouTube video, the only problem was choosing a situation in which I should present to the class. After I choose what to do, the creation of my final product that represented my identity was very easy because I knew everything that happened. Personally, I don’t have a problem presenting these comic strips and Music Videos to the class because those are all part of who I am, and I have no problem with who I am. My presentations that I showed to the class were mostly through visuals, and communication. For my YouTube list I showed a song by Zac Brown Band featuring Jimmy Buffet called â€Å"Knee Deep†. It  is a country song that gives off a very relaxing vibe, and the relaxing mood is also shown in the video and lyrics. I choose that song because I believe that everybody needs to relax, and take it easy. Everybody deserves a break once in a while, and when that opportunity comes to relax, you should take advantage of it. For my comic strip I choose a situation I was in when I went to basketball camp at the University of Notre Dame. I was scared going into it because I didn’t know anybody else that was going. After a while of being with my team I was assigned to I wasn’t scared anymore because everybody I  was surrounded by was so friendly. This represented who I was because after that camp I realized that most people are friendly, it’s just the fact that they’re just as scared to talk to you as you are, and you just need to be who you are and everything will work itself out. For these pieces I addressed my peers as my audience due to the fact I knew I was going to be presenting these in my class with people are in the same age level as I am. When I was producing the products I was wondering what the people would think of my presentation. Not nesecarrily if they would like it because I don’t really care if they like  the presentation or not, but rather just overall what they thought of the experience I was presenting to them. Also when creating the presentations I was thinking about the people who helped shape the identity I became today such as friends, family, pets, coaches, etc. Those people are the reason I am the person I am today, and I also take credit to for being the person I am and having the identity I have because I am the person who has made the decisions I have made throughout my life that have helped to form my identity. Through the whole process I did feel disconnected from some of the material we studied. One of the assignments I felt disconnected from was the comic strip â€Å"Persepolis†. The reasoning behind the feeling of disconnect is due to the fact that I am neither a women, nor part of the culture that is represented in the comic strip. Also, the comic strip confused me a little. I think this because I was ignorant of the situation that her and her family were apart of. Also, I felt disconnect, and confusion initially when reading the script that was assigned for the movie â€Å"Bend It Like Beckham†. This was mainly due to confusion because the script jumped around a lot because it was a script for the trailer. I thought I was going to be disconnected from the movie too, due to the fact the main characters are different genders than I am, and they are also from a different culture than I am. I did find connection to my identity in the movie though through soccer because I have always had a great interest in sports. Soccer isn’t my favorite sport, but I still respect the game and enjoy watching the World Cup, and International games. My research process has basically been the same since the start of high school. I start out by getting all the materials I need or even think I might need when writing my paper. By doing this I eliminate writing a sentence stopping and looking for more info. In my opinion it’s quicker to gather all materials initially. After that I look through material to gather information that I might need for my presentation by highlighting the information or writing it down. After this I write my introductory paragraph. Once that is completed I then look at information that I will need for my first paragraph. Then I write my first body paragraph on all the information I choose from the materials that I found. This process is then repeated until my paper is ultimately complete. Of course then I will  read the paper a few more times to check for grammatical errors, and other mistakes. Other parts of my research process include listening to music. Music is big part of my writing because it helps me focus a lot. I love listening to Music, and do it all the time when walking to class, working out, homework, or sometimes when I have free time. Listening to music isn’t just a key part to writing papers. It is a key part in my identity and helps me express who I am to others. Overall this assignment and research that we have done in class has made me realize how much our identity actually means to us. Everyone is unique and has the exact same identity as another person. Everyone’s identity is unique which really makes it that more special. As much of a cliche it is, everyone really is unique in their own way, but in todays world some people’s identities aren’t acceptable in certain countries, and cultures. The world has seemed to have evolved into a place where only certain identities are accepted, but it shouldn’t be like that. We should be able to accept people for who they truly are and that is one of the main lessons that I have learned from this chapter on different cultures and identities.

A Comparison and Contrast of Herman Melville’s

Herman Melville’s â€Å"Bartleby, Scrivener† (1853) and Franz Kafka’s â€Å"A Hunger Artist† (1924) are short stories that deal with the complexities of man in the social setting. Melville is most well known for his novel Moby Dick while Kafka was virtually unknown during his lifetime and has no published novels but has since gained recognition for his short stories, including â€Å"Metamorphoses† (1915).It would be interesting to note how a comparison of these two similar stories will reveal the personality of the writer. This paper will provide a brief synopsis of the stories and will then be analyzed for points of comparison and contrast.Synopsesâ€Å"Bartleby, Scrivener†Melville’s tale deals primarily with a particular scrivener, also know as a law-copier or in modern usage a petition writer as set in this story. The scrivener, Bartleby is an unaccountable man as described by the narrator whom at the time of the events that took pl ace a Master in Chancery.Bartleby is at first industrious in scrivener work, although he steadfastly refused to do any other activity and appeared not to eat or do anything but his work, and even seemed to live in the office. The narrator describes his feelings of astonishment, sympathy and subsequent acceptance of this eccentricity because his other employees also had their vagaries.As the story progresses, however, Bartleby’s behavior becomes stranger; he stops working but refuses to leave and eventually drives his employer from his office. Bartleby remains in the building even after being booted out of the room and is eventually arrested for vagrancy. The narrator is conscience-stricken and strives to do all he can for Bartleby, who soon after dies in prison. (Melville, 1994)â€Å"The Hunger Artist†The story begins with a statement of decline in interest in hunger artists. It is told from a third person point of view and sketches a history of the popularity of hunge r artists and the process of the art. It muses upon the intentions of those who subscribe to the spectacle, and the personal views and feelings of one particular artist, dwelling upon his frustration of having his work ended prematurely, a maximum of 40 days per each fasting period, in the interest of profit.The hunger artist knew he could last longer and yearned to find out to what extent, but was not allowed.The story describes how interest in the activity seemed suddenly to cease and rather than pursuing his previous modus operandi, the hunger artist preferred to break away from his manager and hire himself out to the circus, where he was placed in a cage near the menagerie, and was all but forgotten. At last he was able to indulge in his wish. Just before he died, he revealed that he fasted not to make himself famous but because there was no food he enjoyed. (Kafka, 1924)AnalysisThe two stories considered have distinct parallels, most notable the title characters. Both Bartleby and the hunger artist are distinguished by a sense of hopelessness and searching. The characters, the former silently, the other in self-revelation, express their need to find a place to belong.They clearly do not fit in accepted society. Bartleby because of his very ascetism, lack of interpersonal relations and history is almost a ghost, an enigma that even the most kindly of intentions could not draw out. He repulsed any kind of contact, perhaps because he was speculated to have been engaged in activity, that of a dead letter clerk, that dealt with the rejected and discarded. He clearly considered himself beyond salvation.The hunger artist, because of his search for the unattainable, is unable to enjoy the material pleasures of life and live a normal life. He deprived himself of life because he saw no point in continuing with it, reserving the pleasure of knowledge of how far he could take his artistry as his last stand against life.The stories are clearly macabre, elucidating the grimness of life of no purpose and no connection. They deal with the reality that man is essentially a creature of society, and failure of interaction results in strange and appalling consequences.The style of the writing is the most notable contrast of the two stories. Melville deals with the subject in a humorous fashion, drawing a smile, even a laugh with his description of his characters and the circumstances until the very end, which makes the horror of what has become of Bartleby all the more stark.Kafka adopted a gloomy tone from the start, indicating a grim end in the very first sentence of the story. The reader knows the hunger artist is doomed to a life of obscurity at the very least. The twist at the end, when the artist reveals the cause of his compunction for self-destruction, illustrates the writer’s own dissatisfaction with life.